MATERI & EXERCISE EXPLANTION TEKS

 

Definition of Explanation Text

Explanatory text is a type of text in English that describes a process. Talking about the process, this text is almost the same as the procedure text. However, if the procedure text describes how to do something (process), it describes how a process occurs. In this way, we can see that the explanatory text serves to provide information to readers about a process.

 

 Explanation Text Characteristics

  -Using the Simple Present Tense
This text uses the Simple Present Tense because it describes facts.

- Using Action Verbs
Action Verbs are verbs used to describe an ongoing action. Examples are do, make, create, and so on.

- Using Passive Voices
The use of Passive Voices aims to emphasize the focus on the event that is taking place rather than the subject.

- Using Noun Phrases

- Using Technical Terms
These technical terms refer to technical terms related to the topics discussed in this text.

- Contains an explanation of the process

 

 

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

General Statement
Contains general information on topics to be discussed in the text.


Explanation
Contains a series of events (sequence of events) from a process which is the topic of the text. We can also explain by using the why and how questions, so that the explanation we convey is more comprehensive.

Closing
The closing or closing part is optional or does not have to be in this text. This section may contain additional information or the author's opinion on the topics discussed.

Purpose of Explanation Text

– Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
– To explain how or why something happens.

 

 

Example of Explanation Text – How a Cancer is Formed

How a Cancer is formed

What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause of death.
Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as: nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.

Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.

conclusion 

Based on the material you have just studied, it can be concluded that:

The explanatory text is structured with a text structure that begins with a general statement (opening) followed by a causal sequence. The general statement stage is the opening about what will be explained.

The rule/characteristic of complex explanatory text is to use causal conjunctions which are expressed in noun categories. In addition to the effect, the causal relationship with other noun categories is the effect, the causal relationship can also be expressed by conjunctions, such as cause, because, and when. Cause-and-effect relationships can also be shown with verb categories, such as cause, cause, result, make, make, and contribute.

Explanatory text also uses a lot of material and relational verbs. Material verbs denote physical actions or events. Relational verbs show a cause-and-effect relationship.

When we read a text, we often come across words that we sometimes don't understand because they have a special meaning. These words are called terms. A term is a word or combination of words that carefully expresses the meaning of a concept, process, condition, or characteristic that is unique in a particular field. The terms used for certain fields and their use can only be understood by people working in the field are called special terms.

EXERCISE 

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

1. What is the text about?
A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances

2. How can we swallow the food easily?
A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.

3. From the text above, we imply that ….
A. a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.
B. no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.
C. the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.
D. every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well.
E. the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

4. “Human body is made up of countless millions of cells.” (Paragraph 1) The phrase “made up” means ….
A. produced
B. managed
C. arranged
D. completed
E. constructed\

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.
Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.
The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

5. The text is about …
A. the cacao tree
B. the cacao beans
C. the raw chocolate
D. the making of chocolate
E. the flavour of chocolate